{"id":2604,"date":"2024-11-04T01:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T00:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/?p=2604"},"modified":"2024-11-24T11:47:31","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T10:47:31","slug":"11-november-sviatok-sv-martina-z-tours-patrona-nasej-farnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/?p=2604","title":{"rendered":"11. november – sviatok sv. Martina z Tours, patr\u00f3na na\u0161ej farnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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V piatok 11. novembra si spom\u00edname na sv. Martina. Je prv\u00fdm sv\u00e4tcom z\u00e1padnej cirkvi, ktor\u00fd nebol mu\u010den\u00edkom. Osoba sv\u00e4tca a\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 obraz delenia pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a so \u017eobr\u00e1kom mnohokr\u00e1t in\u0161pirovali umelcov. Uctievaj\u00fa ho z\u00e1padn\u00ed aj v\u00fdchodn\u00ed kres\u0165ania, okrem katol\u00edkov tie\u017e pravosl\u00e1vni, evanjelici aj anglik\u00e1ni.<\/p>

Ikonografia je \u010dasto zalo\u017een\u00e1 na prelomovej udalosti zo \u017eivota sv\u00e4tca a\u00a0zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje jeho milosrdenstvo. Ako vojak cis\u00e1ra Kon\u0161tancia bol na ceste z\u00a0rodn\u00e9ho domu do kas\u00e1rn\u00ed. Ke\u010f pri br\u00e1ne mesta Ambianum (dne\u0161n\u00e9 Amiens) uvidel zbeda\u010den\u00e9ho, vymrznut\u00e9ho \u017eobr\u00e1ka, nemal pri sebe \u017eiadne peniaze ani jedlo, ale roz\u0165al me\u010dom svoj pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 legion\u00e1ra na polovicu a\u00a0dal ho \u017eobr\u00e1kovi. V\u00a0noci potom videl vo sne Krista oble\u010den\u00e9ho do polovice svojho pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a, ktor\u00fd hovoril pr\u00edtomn\u00fdm anjelom: \u201eTo je Martin, ktor\u00fd ma cestou na svoj krst zahalil do svojho pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a\u201c. Pod\u013ea r\u00f4znych verzi\u00ed tohto pr\u00edbehu mal tento sen sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee v\u00a0roku 339 bol Martin pokrsten\u00fd a\u00a0v\u00a0s\u00falade s\u00a0vtedaj\u0161\u00edm zvykom odi\u0161iel z vojska.<\/p>

Bud\u00faci sv\u00e4tec sa narodil okolo roku 317 v\u00a0Pan\u00f3nii (dne\u0161n\u00e9 Ma\u010farsko) a \u2013 podobne ako jeho otec \u2013 bol vojakom, no po prijat\u00ed krstu odi\u0161iel z\u00a0vojska. Nesk\u00f4r \u017eil desa\u0165 rokov v\u00a0pustovni na ostrove Gallimaria bl\u00edzko Janova. \u010coskoro okolo seba zhroma\u017edil nieko\u013eko desiatok mn\u00edchov, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi zalo\u017eil najstar\u0161\u00ed galsk\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor. Bol zn\u00e1my svojimi cnos\u0165ami, asketick\u00fdm \u017eivotom a\u00a0tie\u017e v\u010faka z\u00e1zrakom.<\/p>

V roku 371 bol \u2013 proti svojej v\u00f4li \u2013 vyvolen\u00fd veriacimi za biskupa mesta Tours. Na\u010falej v\u0161ak viedol \u017eivot mn\u00edcha v\u00a0kl\u00e1\u0161tore v\u00a0bl\u00edzkom Marmoutier, kde viedol komunitu osemdesiatich reho\u013en\u00edkov. Bol ve\u013emi pr\u00edsny na seba sam\u00e9ho, no zhovievav\u00fd vo\u010di ostatn\u00fdm. Odsudzoval chyby heretikov, ich samotn\u00fdch v\u0161ak br\u00e1nil pred tvrd\u00fdmi trestmi. T\u00fdm sa postavil napr. proti Itaciovi z\u00a0Ossanovy, ktor\u00fd sa do\u017eadoval trestu smrti pre heretikov.<\/p>

Martin zomrel d\u0148a 8. novembra 397 po\u010das vizit\u00e1cie farnosti v\u00a0neve\u013ekej obci Candes pri rieke Loire. Pochovan\u00fd bol d\u0148a 11. novembra v\u00a0katedr\u00e1le v\u00a0Tours. Tento de\u0148 je od 5. storo\u010dia d\u0148om liturgickej spomienky na sv\u00e4tca.<\/p>

Kult sv. Martina sa za\u010dal ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edri\u0165 najm\u00e4 vo Franc\u00fazsku a \u2013 od polovice 6. storo\u010dia \u2013 v\u00a0celej vtedaj\u0161ej kres\u0165anskej Eur\u00f3pe. Jeho hrob i\u00a0samotn\u00e9 mesto sa stali p\u00fatnick\u00fdmi miestami, pri\u010dom bolo v\u00a0tomto oh\u013eade druh\u00fdm najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edm p\u00fatnick\u00fdm miestom z\u00e1padnej cirkvi po Jeruzaleme. Bol prv\u00fdm sv\u00e4tcom, ktor\u00fd nebol mu\u010den\u00edkom. Viac ako 1000 rokov franc\u00fazski kr\u00e1li prosili sv. Martina o\u00a0ochranu.<\/p>

V\u00a0neskorom stredoveku mu bolo vo Franc\u00fazsku zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdch viac ako 3600 kostolov. Priezvisko Martin je jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch vo Franc\u00fazsku.<\/p>

Osoba sv\u00e4tca a zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 obraz delenia pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a so \u017eobr\u00e1kom mnohokr\u00e1t in\u0161pirovali umelcov. Zobrazovali ho napr. Carpaccio (1456-1526), El Greco (1541-1614) a\u00a0mnoh\u00ed in\u00ed autori. \u010casto sa zobrazuje ako rytier na bielom koni, zriedkavej\u0161ie ako biskup s\u00a0hostiou. Meno sv\u00e4tca si vybrali piati p\u00e1pe\u017ei, posledn\u00fd z\u00a0nich \u2013 Martin V. (1417-1431) bol zvolen\u00fd 11. novembra.<\/p>

Bohat\u00e9 \u201esv\u00e4tomartinsk\u00e9\u201c oby\u010daje<\/strong><\/p>

V\u00a0ranom kres\u0165anstve mal de\u0148 sv. Martina charakter podobn\u00fd ako Popolcov\u00e1 streda. Po\u010das predkres\u0165ansk\u00fdch \u010dias sa v\u00a0ten de\u0148 za\u010d\u00ednala zima, bol to tie\u017e term\u00edn, ke\u010f sa platili dane a\u00a0de\u0148, ke\u010f sa za\u010d\u00ednal nov\u00fd hospod\u00e1rsky rok. V\u00a0ten de\u0148 sa tie\u017e napr\u00edklad sl\u00e1vnostne ochutn\u00e1valo nov\u00e9 v\u00edno.<\/p>

Dodnes s\u00fa v\u00a0r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach Nemecka a\u00a0Rak\u00faska pochody det\u00ed s \u201elampi\u00f3nmi sv. Martina\u201c, smeruj\u00face k \u201eohnisku sv. Martina\u201c. Deti po\u010das nich sprev\u00e1dza rytier v\u00a0r\u00edmskej prilbe a\u00a0purpurovom pl\u00e1\u0161ti, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 pripom\u00edna\u0165 vojaka Martina a\u00a0jeho dobr\u00e9 skutky.<\/p>

Ak po\u010das neskorej jesene nast\u00e1va mierne oteplenie, Franc\u00fazi ho naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u201emartinsk\u00e9 leto\u201c. S\u00favis\u00ed to s\u00a0inou legendou, pod\u013ea ktorej ke\u010f viezli Martinovo telo lo\u010fou po Loire z\u00a0miesta, kde zomrel \u2013 Candes-Saint-Martin \u2013 do Tours, zobudila sa pr\u00edroda z\u00a0jesenn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku a\u00a0cel\u00e9 l\u00faky nad brehmi sa ne\u010dakane pokryli kvetmi.<\/p>

V\u00a0Poznani d\u0148a 11. novembra pe\u010d\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u201esv\u00e4tomartinsk\u00e9\u201c sladk\u00e9 ro\u017eky plnen\u00e9 hmotou z\u00a0bieleho maku. Na najstar\u0161ej ulici mesta, ktor\u00e1 sa naz\u00fdva Sv. Martin, prebieha sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd pochod, na ktor\u00e9ho \u010dele stoj\u00ed rytier na sivom koni.<\/p>

Sv\u00e4tomartinsk\u00e9 husi<\/strong><\/p>

\u201eSv\u00e4tomartinsk\u00e1 hus\u201d je tradi\u010dn\u00fdm jedlom vo Franc\u00fazsku, Rak\u00fasku a\u00a0Nemecku: v\u00a0Kol\u00edne nad R\u00fdnom sa napr\u00edklad d\u0148a 11. novembra jed\u00e1va pe\u010den\u00e1 hus plnen\u00e1 jablkami, hrozienkami a\u00a0ga\u0161tanmi. Vo \u0160v\u00e9dsku je sv. Martin patr\u00f3nom gastronomick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov z\u00a0juhu tejto krajiny. V\u00a0Skanii sa u\u017e na vig\u00edliu spomienky na sv. Martina stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa cel\u00e9 rodiny a\u00a0skupiny priate\u013eov v\u00a0re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch pri \u201esv\u00e4tomartinskej\u201c husi.<\/p>

Vo Franc\u00fazsku je konzum\u00e1ciu husaciny v\u00a0de\u0148 sv. Martina spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0degust\u00e1ciou ro\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00edna.<\/p>

\u201cVia Sancti Martini\u201d<\/strong><\/p>

V\u00a0roku 2005 bola \u201ecesta sv. Martina\u201c (\u201cVia Sancti Martini\u201c) prech\u00e1dzaj\u00faca cel\u00fdm eur\u00f3pskym kontinentom vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 Radou Eur\u00f3py za \u201ecestu kult\u00fary\u201c. Sp\u00e1ja miesto narodenia s\u00a0hrobom n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho sv\u00e4tca Frankov v\u00a0jeho biskupskom meste Tours. Cesta je ozna\u010den\u00e1 tmavo\u010derven\u00fdmi tabu\u013ekami so \u017elt\u00fdm kr\u00ed\u017eom a\u00a0pe\u010da\u0165ou Rady Eur\u00f3py. Hoci \u201ecesta sv. Martina\u201c nie je tak\u00e1 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 ako cesty sv. Jakuba do Santiaga de Compostela, jej sie\u0165 sa systematicky rozv\u00edja.<\/p>

T\u00e1to cesta sp\u00e1ja miesto jeho narodenia \u2013 Szombathely v\u00a0Ma\u010farsku \u2013 s\u00a0bazilikou sv. Martina v\u00a0Tours, kde s\u00fa uctievan\u00e9 jeho telesn\u00e9 pozostatky. Z\u00a0Ma\u010farska vedie cesta cez Maribor a\u00a0\u013dub\u013eanu v\u00a0Slovinsku cez Treviso a\u00a0Ben\u00e1tky do Mil\u00e1na, n\u00e1sledne Dolinou Aosty a\u00a0na tzv. priesmyku sv. Bernarda prech\u00e1dza hlavn\u00fdm hrebe\u0148om \u00c1lp. Na franc\u00fazskej strane prech\u00e1dza cez zimn\u00e9 \u0161portov\u00e9 stredisko Albertville a\u00a0Lyon do Tours. Cel\u00e1 trasa sp\u00e1ja ve\u013ea miest, ktor\u00e9 nejako s\u00favisia so sv. Martinom.<\/p>

U\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov je \u010doraz ob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ia druh\u00e1 \u201eVia Sancti Martini\u201c \u2013 severn\u00e1 cesta do Tours. Vedie zo Szombathely cez Viede\u0148 a\u00a0Linz do Nemecka, kde prech\u00e1dza Bavorskom, B\u00e1denskom-W\u00fcrttemberskom a\u00a0Por\u00fdn\u00edm-Falckom. Z\u00a0Trev\u00edra vedie cesta sv. Martina cez Luxemburg, Reims, Par\u00ed\u017e a\u00a0Chartres do Tours.<\/p>

Zn\u00e1my je aj na Slovensku, kde mu zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdch mno\u017estvo kostolov.<\/p>

Zdroj: E-kai \/ Prelo\u017eil: Mari\u00e1n Hamada<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V piatok 11. novembra si spom\u00edname na sv. Martina. Je prv\u00fdm sv\u00e4tcom z\u00e1padnej cirkvi, ktor\u00fd nebol mu\u010den\u00edkom. Osoba sv\u00e4tca a\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 obraz delenia pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a so \u017eobr\u00e1kom mnohokr\u00e1t in\u0161pirovali umelcov. Uctievaj\u00fa ho z\u00e1padn\u00ed aj v\u00fdchodn\u00ed kres\u0165ania, okrem katol\u00edkov tie\u017e pravosl\u00e1vni, evanjelici aj<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2604"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2604\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10940,"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2604\/revisions\/10940"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farnostlipany.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}